A flurry of posts occurred regarding Ascension Day recently, a holiday I never knew existed until this year, being low-church as I am since I was 10 years old and we left the Catholic church. I read four within a few days of each other and my mind linked them all together because they all shared a common thread. First I read this in an
interview with N.T. Wright:
"The key thing to realize, as in the Old Testament, in Daniel, for example, is that heaven is the control room for what happens on earth... Heaven is basically where earth is run from. And it’s because we haven’t taken seriously the language of Matthew 28, where Jesus says, “All authority is given to me in heaven and on earth,” that we haven’t thought of it like that. We’ve thought of it like, He’s gone away, leaving us to run things. No. He is in heaven. He is in charge. He is the Lord. That’s true right now. Now, how his lordship works out is then through the work of the church. But he is the Lord and is present with and through his church, as we are doing what we are called to do... The Ascension properly allows us to understand the Second Coming. Again, it isn’t a matter of Jesus as a spaceman flying downwards. It’s the screen being removed and his reappearing. When I was working on the lectures that turned into Surprised by Hope, I realized that so many of the key passages speak of “his appearing,” not merely “his coming.” And “coming” is a good way to express the truth, because it appears he is now absent and so then if he appears to us, then it is as though he has come and has arrived. But the Second Coming is more like an unveiling or appearing."
Then I read the title of a Ben Witherington post and the title itself is what struck me:
"Decisions On Earth Ratified in Heaven - The Opposite of Predestination"Put aside those last four words of the title for a second because the post isn't about rehashing a debate about Calvinism. The first six words are what hit me and I highly recommend you read his whole post. He opens with this because he seems to be rather struck by a certain passage in Matthew 18. It's the mysterious one about "binding and loosing":
"One of the more interesting sayings of Jesus with equally interesting theological implications is found in Mt. 18.18--" I tell you whatever you (i.e. Peter and the gang) bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." The Greek here is straight forward, and the contrast between the present and future tenses have clear enough implications. One can point out of course the use of ean plus the subjunctive form of verbs, which with the future of the verb 'to be' in this case refers to a 'future more probable' condition, but the point remains the same. If the Evangelist, and/or Jesus before him had wanted to say "whatever is bound on earth, was already bound and determined in heaven" he could certainly have done so, first in Aramaic and then in a Greek rendering of the same. The fact is that Jesus here says the opposite. This saying, which is actually quite typical of early Jewish ways of thinking about such matters, and may reflect an inter-textual echo as well, is of momentous import for understanding Jesus' view of things."
Witherington's view is that this binding and loosing has to do with decisions about community matters such as are described in the immediately preceding verses. I guess that guess is as good as any. His point, though, is that "there is a heavenly ratification of such a spiritual decision on earth." Even if found nowhere else in the Bible, in this passage at the very least, "heaven is not seen as the place where all things have been pre-determined, rather there is an
inter-active relationship between events on earth and things in heaven. The influence can go in either direction."
He goes on,
"Of course there are numerous Biblical texts where God takes the initiative and humans respond. I am not for a minute disputing that. But a view of God's sovereignty that does not take into account viable human choice, and the fact that those choices can have heavenly and indeed eternal consequences, has not reckoned with the full scope of what the Bible says about the relationship between God's power and will, and the human response to the same."
For those steaming, screaming, "What about the sovereignty of God?", an all-important phrase for many, he says, "the issue is
not the sovereignty of God-- the issue is how God has chosen to exercise his power and will." Neither Witherington nor I dispute that God is sovereign. For me, God's sovereignty says nothing about his actions, it simply says he is sovereign, over all, possessing ultimate power, and fully independent in determining his action.
Then I read
a post by Daniel Larison. In the post he is responding to the following quote by one Damon Linker:
"Who would now deny that the political ascendancy of the religious right has been bad for the United States? Its destructive consequences are plain for all to see. It has polarized the nation. It has injected theological certainties into public life. It has led political leaders to invest their aims and their deeds with metaphysical significance. It has made America a laughingstock in the eyes of the educated of the world. And it has encouraged devout believers to think of themselves as agents of the divine, and their political opponents as enemies of God."
I have bolded the section above that Larison is going to specifically address below. In my hasty zeal, though, after reading this quote I immediately felt in complete agreement with Linker, being tired of the religious right and it's shenanigans. But Larison is smarter than I am and always notices the nuance of everything he reads, all the way down to the individual words that are used. he focuses on the quality of arguments themselves as opposed to pushing ideology for its own sake. He makes other writers look lazy by comparison. This is the reason he may be the best blogger around. Here's, in part, how Larison responds:
"If you believe in God and His final judgement, everyone’s acts and goals have metaphysical significance. Linker has put things rather crudely, since this line does not just strike at Mr. Bush’s gnostic madness, but effectively attacks providential order and transcendent moral order by implying that there is something awry in attributing metaphysical significance to earthly acts. The thing he is really attacking is the revolutionary urge to realise the Kingdom here below, but as so often with secular critics of religious conservatism Linker does not distinguish between fanatics and traditionalists. Again, if you believe in God, everyone is ultimately an instrument of God and everyone is part of His providential order. This is not something concocted by religious conservatives, and in any case it is once again not clear why this is inherently “destructive” or undesirable. When Mr. Bush dresses up his war of aggression as part of some mission to realise God’s plan of liberating the world–a crazier, more destructive form of liberation theology, I dare say, than most of what comes out of Trinity United–that is worthy of condemnation, and, of course, many traditionalists have condemned it."
Is Larison contradicting Witherington? I don't think it's as simple as that and I don't think it's important. I think they both are offering true insights about God/Heaven and his/its interactions with Earth. I recommend a nice, slow, thoughtful reading of the whole Larison post by the way, and the rest of everything that Larison writes.
Finally, I came across the following
quote from Robert Jewett (who incidentally has a written a reportedly great Romans commentary) on the God's Politics blog on Beliefnet. You know the warnings Jesus gives about keeping watchful, keeping the lamps lit, and being ready for his coming. What do those mean? Here's food for thought from Jewett:
"To watch is to be prepared for the unexpected. It is to give up the illusions of straight-line extrapolations, the silly assumption that current trends will continue. It is to abandon the calculations of the pundits about the swinging of some invisible pendulum. In this time, particularly, it is to accept the fact that life will not go on as it has. A change is in the offing, but no one knows what direction it will take. History is the realm of contingency, the unexpected. The proper eschatology is watchful expectancy for the Abba's work and will, and a wary guardedness about the rebounding perversity of humankind. The danger is to preempt the future with our own agenda and our own eagerness to be proven right by history."
When we work on earth, we are doing the work of the kingdom of heaven (Wright). Those decisions have eternal consequences (Witherington). We must distinguish our work for the kingdom of God from our part in the realization of the kingdom of God (Larison). While we are held responsible for the means, God controls the ends (Jewett). He is the God of the means because he is the God of the ends.